Thursday, June 07, 2012

The Facebook Saga - from facepalm to IPO !!

“Carpe Diem! Sieze the day, boys. Make your lives extraordinary!” – So exclaimed a certain Mr. John Keating, the brilliance of Robin Williams running riot though the countenance of the young professor, smiling at the small group students gathered in front of him. Dead Poets Society, (1989) – a movie that could have been watched by a wide-eyed, five year old kid named Mark Elliot Zuckerberg. Who knows, Mr. Keating and his inspiring quotes could have been just the push little Mark required in setting out on a journey that would culminate in a creation that the today everyone calls Facebook.
Facebook has been an extraordinary development in the world of internet. What started out as Mark’s little dorm room creation has now given the world the platform to ‘connect’, ‘like’, ‘share’ and ‘comment’. All this and much more have added to the appeal of the social networking giant – the latest being the filing of SEC and the eventual release of the IPO. But has it been the right move for the curly-haired poster boy of Silicon Valley? Could the world’s largest technology IPO also be the biggest blunder ever? Or are we reading too much into the data? The debate has already started and to avoid getting lost in the melee of ‘strings’ and ‘numbers’ one should sit back and crunch the ‘basics’ first.
The basics are certain simple law-of-the-land fashioned truths about the two biggest words in the title of this article. ‘Facebook’ and ‘IPO’ – and these two need as simple an understanding as possible for the data to make sense to one and all. To begin with, here’s looking at the IPO or the Initial Public Offering - a tool used by companies to raise capital (money for bigger, grander plans), to provide liquidity to its founders, employees and early investors and to benefit from the prestige or notoriety of being a ‘public’ company. With the aforementioned set as a background, ‘Facebook’ can be described as – a second generation Internet company with ‘dynamic’ content (set your status, like a comment, share a photo), communication platform (user connections, chat, message, wall-posts), 800 million active users and a plethora of games, apps and ‘addictions’ to make one spend close to 6 hours a day surfing it (ComScore says it, I don’t).
Having crunched the basics, the next step is to question, how did it all happen? Any IPO begins with a company filing an entry at the SEC – Securities & Exchange Commission, under a particular category, which in the case of Facebook was S1. The filing, among other things, includes a letter from the company founders, to prospective shareholders, which in the case of Facebook, was an interesting one from Mark Zuckerberg. With the filing formalities out of the way in the month of January 2012, the IPO was released on 18th of May, 2012 amidst much fanfare and hullaballoo. The opening price was $38/share.  So far so good – a company has invited the public to invest and much needed capital is being pumped in by eager investors. But in retrospection, was this process needed at all? If yes, what is in store for the blue and white hued social network?
Facebook had money coming in from private investors, much before its decision to go public. With Goldman Sachs, Microsoft, Hong-Kong billionaire Li Ka Shing, Russian honcho Yuri Milner and Bono’s Elevation Partners, all pouring money into the internet darling, raising capital was certainly not difficult. It became even easier when Facebook employee shares were up for grabs on the ‘grey’ market – SecondMarket or SharePost. In addition to this, providing liquidity to the founding partners wasn’t difficult either. The investment by Russian Investment fund DST sort of completes the picture in this respect, with its offer to buy $100 million of stock directly from the employees. Hence, cash wasn’t a problem. Then why file an S1 in the SEC? Why go public?
Here is where the proverbial ‘streams’ seem to converge. If one goes through the SEC filing of Facebook and the passionate letter for Zuckerberg and juxtaposes it with the prestige of going public and associated bits of wisdom, the reason begins to emerge. The story of Facebook, the evolution of the company, the equation it has with the public, the attraction quotient of its value proposition – has grown and is something that investors just cannot be kept away from. Social media as a tool, technology and a platform has evolved with Facebook as its champion, face and torchbearer. The industry has taken to Facebook like a glutton to a tasty lamb chop. Targeted Marketing & Advertising are ruling the roost in terms of revenues for ‘FB’. It is only fitting that the public focus on social media, the interest it generates throughout the world and the implications it can have for the future be better measured, analyzed and invested in for the future. This is something the Stock Exchanges around the world are too good at.
But is it only the ‘public’ we need to look at? Can it be simply that Facebook needs more money? Maybe – if one looks at its burgeoning growth trajectory, its competitors and the evolution of the consumer it serves. Browsing is going mobile, literally. And with that, Facebook needs to go mobile too. With Android and iOS standing guard to a market full of opportunities, Facebook will require developing its interface – the mobile way. The baby steps in that direction – acquisition of Insta.gram – is a sign of sorts. But that is certainly not enough. From a very simple logic – more money is needed if Facebook wants to acquire more or grow faster. And an IPO is surely one of the best ways of doing that – of ‘seizing the day’ (in order to ‘make’ things ‘extraordinary’).

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